Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
推理与选择的认知理论
A Cognitive Theory of Reasoning and Choice
摘要
We present a theory of choice in which attention to the features of options is determined by the decision maker’s categorization of the current problem in a set of problems she solved in the past. Categorization depends on goal-relevant and contextual problem-level features. The model yields heterogeneity in attention and choice in a given problem based on different past experiences and instability when changes in irrelevant context cause re-categorization. We show that heterogeneous and unstable representations of a choice problem unify major biases in judgment and decision making.
中文摘要
我们提出一种选择理论，其中决策者对选项特征的关注取决于其将当前问题归类于过去解决过的一组问题中的方式。分类过程依赖于与目标相关的问题层面特征及情境特征。该模型表明，在给定问题中，基于不同的过往经历会产生注意力与选择的异质性；而当无关情境的变化引发重新分类时，则会导致不稳定性。我们证明，选择问题表征的异质性与不稳定性统一了判断与决策中的主要偏差。