Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
更有效的农业环境政策的定向奖励
A Targeting Bonus for More Effective Agri‐Environmental Policy
摘要
Despite significant policy interventions and conservation initiatives, incentives for the conservation of biodiversity have been criticised for being ecologically ineffective and economically inefficient. This paper examines a novel approach to improve the ecological and economic performance of such incentives. Specifically, we analyse the ecological and economic effectiveness of a targeting bonus which establishes a two‐part subsidy for changes to land management when the ecological benefits of such changes vary spatially. Using a spatially explicit mathematical programming model applied to an empirical case study in the UK, we show that a targeting bonus has the potential to enhance efficiency, with the magnitude of gains depending on the strength of the spatial correlation between opportunity costs and ecological benefits, as well as the size of the budget and the definition of the targeting zone. We find that the targeting bonus offers major advantages when the most ecologically beneficial land parcels are positively correlated with highest opportunity costs for farmers; and that the additional benefits of the targeting bonus relative to a no‐bonus subsidy scheme eventually decline as the share of the bonus is increased.
中文摘要
尽管已有显著的政策干预和保护举措，生物多样性保护激励措施仍因生态效果不佳和经济效率低下而受到批评。本文研究了一种提升此类激励措施生态与经济绩效的新方法。具体而言，我们分析了定向奖励金的生态与经济有效性——当土地管理变更的生态效益存在空间差异时，该机制通过建立两部分补贴来应对这种变化。通过将空间显式数学规划模型应用于英国实证案例研究，我们发现定向奖励金具有提升效率的潜力，其收益幅度取决于机会成本与生态效益之间的空间相关性强度、预算规模以及定向区域的界定方式。研究结果表明：当生态效益最高的地块与农民机会成本最高的地块呈正相关时，定向奖励金具有显著优势；随着奖励金占比提高，相较于无奖励金补贴方案，定向奖励金的额外收益最终会递减。