Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
欧洲国家与地区的学术人力资本（1200–1793）
Academic human capital in European countries and regions, 1200–1793
摘要
We present new annual time-series data on academic human capital across Europe from 1200 to 1793, constructed by aggregating individual-level measures at three geographic scales: cities, present-day countries (as of 2025), and historically informed macro-regions. Individual human capital is derived from a composite index of publication outcomes, based on data from the Repertorium Eruditorum Totius Europae (RETE) database. The macro-regional classifications are designed to reflect historically coherent entities, offering a more relevant perspective than modern national boundaries. This framework allows us to document key patterns, including the Little Divergence in academic human capital between Northern and Southern Europe, the effect of the Black Death and the Thirty Years’ War on academic human capital, the respective contributions of academies and universities, regional inequality across Catholic and Protestant areas of the Holy Roman Empire, and the distinctiveness of the Scottish Enlightenment.
中文摘要
我们提供了欧洲1200年至1793年间学术人力资本的新的年度时间序列数据，这些数据通过在城市、现代国家（截至2025年）和历史宏观区域三个地理尺度上汇总个体层面的测量值构建而成。个体人力资本来源于基于《欧洲学者名录》（RETE）数据库的出版成果综合指数。宏观区域分类旨在反映历史上连贯的实体，比现代国家边界提供了更相关的视角。这一框架使我们能够记录关键模式，包括北欧与南欧之间学术人力资本的“小分流”、黑死病和三十年战争对学术人力资本的影响、学院与大学各自的贡献、神圣罗马帝国内天主教与新教地区的区域不平等，以及苏格兰启蒙运动的独特性。