Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
重新审视跨国收入差异的核算
Accounting for Cross-Country Income Differences Revisited
摘要
Development accounting is the search for proximate sources of cross-country income differences. This article describes how knowledge in this field has evolved over the two decades since the influential work of Caselli (2005). There have been large advances in the measurement of production inputs (labor, physical capital, and human capital). These advances have raised the estimated contribution of inputs, mostly human capital, in development accounting. Our preferred estimate is that inputs account for 55–70 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) per worker differences, versus 30 percent using the classic specification. The literature has also made progress in moving away from Cobb-Douglas production functions and measuring factors such as management quality that were previously bundled into total factor productivity (TFP). Our review highlights the new implications of these advances, areas where future research would be beneficial, and the limitations of development accounting.
中文摘要
发展核算旨在探寻跨国收入差异的直接来源。本文描述了自卡塞利（2005）具有影响力的研究以来，该领域知识在过去二十年中的演变。在生产投入（劳动、物质资本和人力资本）的测度方面已取得重大进展。这些进展提高了投入在发展核算中的估计贡献，其中主要是人力资本。我们倾向的估计是，投入可解释人均GDP差异的55%–70%，而采用经典设定时这一比例为30%。文献还在摆脱柯布–道格拉斯生产函数、以及测度此前被归入全要素生产率（TFP）的诸如管理质量等因素方面取得了进展。我们的综述强调了这些进展的新含义、未来研究将大有裨益的领域，以及发展核算的局限性。