Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
推进贸易协定中的可持续粮食系统合作：智利的经验教训
Advancing sustainable food systems cooperation in trade agreements: Lessons from Chile
摘要
The transition toward sustainable food systems that ensure food security and adequate nutrition is increasingly urgent. Although trade and investment agreements have sometimes hindered this transition, their potential to support it remains underexplored. Chile offers an illustrative case: its liberalised agro-export model has produced a highly industrialised food system, while the country faces rising diet-related diseases and has developed pioneering nutrition policies. In 2023, Chile and the European Union (EU) signed an Advanced Framework Agreement that includes a Sustainable Food Systems (SFS) Chapter, representing an attempt to align sustainability objectives with trade policy. This study examined how actor interactions, power dynamics, and feasibility conditions shaped the agenda-setting, chapter-drafting, and legitimation of the SFS Chapter, using a theory-informed qualitative design based on semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis. The findings highlight the EU’s role in promoting the chapter within a context characterised by the convergence of global agendas and domestic policy developments. Although introduced at an advanced stage of the negotiations, Chile was not a passive policy-taker and actively shaped the chapter’s scope and legal character. Its broad acceptance was facilitated by its cooperative and non-binding nature, while the limited participation of the health and environment sectors contributed to approaches wherein concepts such as One Health and ‘sustainable diets’ were negotiated primarily through trade and agricultural perspectives. These findings contribute to understanding the governance conditions that shape the incorporation of sustainability-oriented policy innovations into trade agreements and offer lessons for countries seeking to meaningfully integrate health and sustainability objectives into trade policy.
中文摘要
向确保粮食安全和充足营养的可持续食品系统转型日益紧迫。尽管贸易与投资协定有时阻碍了这一转型，但其支持转型的潜力仍未得到充分探索。智利提供了一个具有说明性的案例：其自由化的农产品出口模式造就了高度工业化的食品系统，同时该国面临日益上升的饮食相关疾病，并制定了开创性的营养政策。2023年，智利与欧盟（EU）签署了一项高级框架协定，其中包括可持续食品系统（SFS）章节，代表着将可持续性目标与贸易政策相协调的尝试。本研究采用基于半结构化访谈和文献分析的理论导向定性设计，考察了行动者互动、权力动态和可行性条件如何塑造了SFS章节的议程设定、章节起草和合法化过程。研究发现凸显了欧盟在由全球议程与国内政策发展趋同所构成的背景下推动该章节的作用。尽管该章节在谈判后期阶段才被引入，智利并非被动的政策接受者，而是积极塑造了该章节的范围和法律性质。其获得广泛接受得益于其合作性和非约束性特征，而卫生和环境部门参与有限，则促成了“同一健康”和“可持续膳食”等概念主要通过贸易和农业视角加以协商的路径。这些发现有助于理解塑造可持续性导向政策创新纳入贸易协定的治理条件，并为寻求将健康和可持续性目标有意义地纳入贸易政策的国家提供了借鉴。