Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
机会不平等测度的公理化方法
An axiomatic approach to the measurement of inequality of opportunity
摘要
We formulate three sets of axioms to measure inequality of opportunity. First, the basic axioms that any relative measure should satisfy. Second, axioms that capture the ex ante perspective, focusing on inequality between individuals with different circumstances. Third, axioms that capture the ex post perspective, focusing on inequality among individuals with the same responsibility characteristics. Based on these axioms, we characterize the ex ante and ex post classes of inequality of opportunity measures. We also discuss how well existing measures in the literature adhere to the axioms.
中文摘要
我们构建了三组公理来度量机会不平等。第一组是任何相对度量方法均应满足的基本公理。第二组公理捕捉事前视角，聚焦于不同环境禀赋个体之间的不平等。第三组公理捕捉事后视角，聚焦于具有相同责任特征个体之间的不平等。基于这些公理，我们刻画了事前与事后两类机会不平等度量方法。同时，本文还探讨了现有文献中的度量方法对这些公理的遵循程度。