Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
对学校选择分配中无正当理由与有正当理由嫉妒的生物识别反应
Biometric responses to unjustified and justified-envy in school choice allocations
摘要
The two most prominent strategy-proof school choice mechanisms, Deferred Acceptance and Top Trading Cycles, offer a trade-off between eliminating justified-envy and Pareto efficiency, respectively. We introduce a novel, biometric approach to investigate how much individuals care about and physiologically react to each property. Using an experimental design that randomly varies whether subjects learn about others’ assignments in a school choice game, we measure arousal through galvanic skin response and valence through facial expressions when subjects experience envy with and without justification. We find increased arousal associated with receiving successively lower-ranked allocations, i.e., the (unjustified) envy of the allocation(s) of others. We note additional arousal when that envy is justified, but that result requires an explicit message to accentuate the justification. Eye-tracking data confirm that subjects do not notice markers of justified-envy until receiving this message. Facial-expression valence yields less conclusive results, but this may be due to the limitations of that method for anger detection.
中文摘要
两种最著名的策略防伪择校机制——延迟接受与最高交易循环——分别在消除合理嫉妒与帕累托效率之间提供了一种权衡。我们引入一种新颖的生物计量方法，考察个体对这两种属性的在意程度及生理反应。通过一项实验设计，随机改变被试在择校博弈中是否了解他人的分配结果，我们利用皮肤电反应测量唤醒度，并通过面部表情测量效价，以考察被试在经历有理由与无理由嫉妒时的反应。我们发现，唤醒度升高与获得排名依次降低的分配结果相关，即对他人分配的（无理由）嫉妒。我们注意到，当这种嫉妒有合理理由时，唤醒度会进一步升高，但这一结果需要一条明确的信息来凸显其合理性。眼动追踪数据证实，被试在收到该信息之前并未注意到合理嫉妒的标志。面部表情效价得出的结果不够明确，但这可能源于该方法在愤怒检测方面的局限性。