Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
供需互补气候政策
Complementary Climate Policies for Supply and Demand
摘要
The traditional approach to climate policy is to regulate the demand side, for example through an emissions fee. Supply-side regulation has received less attention. The two instruments are perfect substitutes in the first best but we show that they are complements in a second-best setting with free-riding incentives. Demand-side policies alone lower the market price of fossil fuels and raise the gains from trade for a country that defects. For a treaty to be maximally robust, strong, and self-enforcing, it must properly balance supply- and demand-side instruments. The results hold with homogeneous countries and are strengthened by heterogeneity.
中文摘要
传统的气候政策方法是管制需求侧，例如通过排放费。供给侧管制受到的关注较少。在最优情形下，这两种工具是完全替代品，但我们表明，在存在搭便车激励的次优情形下，它们是互补品。仅靠需求侧政策会压低化石燃料的市场价格，并提高一个退约国家的贸易收益。为使条约具有最大限度的稳健性、力度和自执行性，它必须恰当平衡供给侧和需求侧工具。这些结果在同质国家下成立，并因异质性而得到强化。