Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
产品市场集中度
Concentration in Product Markets
摘要
This paper measures concentration in narrowly defined product markets for a broad range of consumer goods and services in the United States from 1994 to 2019. We document two main empirical facts. First, concentration levels are high. Of the markets in our sample, 44.4 percent are “highly concentrated” as defined by US regulators. Second, market concentration has been decreasing since 1994. The median HHI falls from 2,362 to 2,045. These findings stand in stark contrast to the prior literature, which uses market definitions that are aggregated to a level that is typically too broad to accurately reflect competition in consumer markets. (JEL D43, L13, M37, R32)
中文摘要
本文以1994年至2019年美国广泛消费品与服务市场为对象，在狭义产品市场层面测度市场集中度。我们揭示了两项主要实证发现：第一，市场集中度水平较高。按美国监管机构定义，样本中44.4%的市场属于"高度集中"市场。第二，自1994年以来市场集中度持续下降，赫芬达尔-赫希曼指数中位数从2,362降至2,045。这些发现与既有文献形成鲜明对比——既有研究采用的市场定义通常过于宽泛，难以准确反映消费品市场的竞争状况。(JEL D43, L13, M37, R32)