Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
歌利亚会帮助大卫吗？锚定企业与初创企业集群
Does Goliath help David? Anchor firms and startup clusters
摘要
Does attracting a “Goliath” firm to a county anchor the growth of regional industry clusters? Matching a hand-collected dataset of major corporate site selection contests to restricted-use U.S. Census microdata, I show that winning a Million Dollar Plant (MDP) generates 2515 net supply chain jobs in the first four years after announcement, declining to 1622 in the subsequent four years. Over the last four years of the panel between four and seven years after the MDP is announced, startups remain the largest contributor to job gains at 1694 jobs, more than offsetting a decline among other incumbents (-61% of the net total), with local incumbents (41%), and affiliated firms (15%) also contributing positively. Post-announcement startups are more numerous but smaller and slower-growing than comparable cohorts in runner-up counties. The two main sources of job creation draw on distinct segments of the local labor market: relative to those in finalist counties, startups in winning counties rely disproportionately on immigrant workers whereas local incumbents employ more local workers, and neither shows evidence of worker flows from the MDP’s corporate network.
中文摘要
吸引一家“巨头”企业落户某县，能否锚定区域产业集群的增长？通过将手工收集的重大企业选址竞赛数据集与美国人口普查受限微观数据相匹配，我发现赢得“百万美元工厂”（MDP）项目在公告后前四年净创造2515个供应链岗位，随后四年降至1622个。在面板最后四年，即MDP公告后四至七年，初创企业仍是岗位增长的最大贡献者，达1694个岗位，足以抵消其他现有企业的下降（占净总额的-61%），本地现有企业（41%）和关联企业（15%）也作出正向贡献。公告后出现的初创企业数量更多，但规模更小、增长更慢，与落选县的可比企业群体相比如此。两个主要岗位创造来源依托本地劳动力市场的不同群体：相对于入围县，获胜县的初创企业不成比例地依赖移民工人，而本地现有企业则雇用更多本地工人，且二者均无证据显示存在来自MDP企业网络的工人流动。