Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
二战经历及其对生命周期劳动力市场的影响
Exposure to World War II and Its Labor Market Consequences over the Life Cycle
摘要
With 70 million dead, World War II remains the most devastating conflict in history. Among the survivors, millions were displaced, returned maimed from the battlefield, or endured years of captivity. We examine the effects of such war exposures on labor market careers, showing that they often become apparent only at certain life stages. While war injuries reduced employment in old age, former prisoners of war prolonged their time in the workforce before retiring. Many displaced workers, especially women, never returned to employment. These responses align with standard life-cycle theory and thus likely hold relevance for other conflicts.
中文摘要
第二次世界大战造成7000万人死亡，仍是历史上最具破坏性的冲突。幸存者中，数百万人流离失所、从战场伤残归来或经历多年囚禁。我们考察了此类战争经历对劳动力市场职业生涯的影响，发现其影响往往仅在特定人生阶段显现。尽管战争创伤降低了老年期的就业率，但前战俘在退休前延长了工作时间。许多流离失所的劳动者——尤其是女性——再未重返工作岗位。这些反应符合标准生命周期理论，因此可能对其他冲突具有参考意义。