Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
迁移行为中的性别与种族差异：来自1900–1940年美国南部农业人口外迁的证据
Gender and Racial Differences in Migration Behavior: Evidence from the Farm Exodus within and out of the U.S. South, 1900–1940
摘要
Using linked Census Tree records and archival sources, I explore the roles of race and gender in migrant selection and sorting during the exodus of single young women and men from U.S. Southern farms from 1900–1940. Female migration rates, influenced by changes in farm men’s marriageability, rose during the farm crisis of 1920–1940 and exceeded men’s by 1940. On- and off-farm discrimination by race and gender drove differences in migrant characteristics: out-of-South Black female migrants, but not within-South, were positively selected on education and family resources, while White women were positively selected across both destinations.
中文摘要
利用关联的人口普查树记录与档案资料，本文探究了1900-1940年间美国南部农场单身青年男女外迁过程中，种族与性别在移民选择与分类中的作用。受农场男性婚姻适龄性变化影响，女性迁移率在1920-1940年农业危机期间上升，并于1940年超过男性。种族与性别在农场内外遭遇的歧视导致移民特征差异：迁出南部的黑人女性移民（而非南部内部迁移者）在教育程度与家庭资源方面呈现正向选择，而白人女性在两个迁移目的地均呈现正向选择。