Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
最低工资的性别效应
Gendered Effects of the Minimum Wage
摘要
Women work disproportionately in low‐hours jobs, which pay lower wages and are more exposed to minimum‐wage policies. We estimate an equilibrium search model with worker and firm heterogeneity, jobs differing in wages and hours, and imperfect compliance. Applied to Germany, the 8.50 € minimum wage reallocates women toward higher‐hours jobs and reduces non‐employment, although firm adjustments dampen this effect. Stronger enforcement amplifies the reallocation. Raising the minimum wage up to 14 € reduces gender gaps in wages and hours; at 11 €, changes in hours account for 44.8% of the reduction in the gender income gap.
中文摘要
女性在低工时工作中的就业比例过高，这类工作工资较低，且更易受到最低工资政策的影响。我们估计了一个均衡搜寻模型，其中包含劳动者与企业异质性、工资与工时存在差异的工作，以及不完全合规。将该模型应用于德国后发现，8.50欧元的最低工资促使女性向更高工时的工作重新配置，并减少了非就业，尽管企业调整削弱了这一效应。更强的执法力度会放大这种重新配置。将最低工资提高至14欧元可缩小工资和工时方面的性别差距；在11欧元水平上，工时变化解释了性别收入差距缩小的44.8%。