Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
将帕累托原则推广至内生人口情形
Generalizing the Pareto principle with endogenous populations
摘要
This paper introduces the notion of $$\mathcal {G}$$ -rules, which extend the Pareto rule when populations are endogenous. Societal evaluations of lives are required. $$\mathcal {G}$$ -rules compare pairs of allocations whenever evaluating the gains of some agents—utility gains or benefits of (not) being born—against the losses of others is not required. $$\mathcal {G}$$ -efficiency naturally arises. The $$\mathcal {A}$$ and $$\mathcal {P}$$ criteria of Golosov et al. (2007) are special cases. Transitive $$\mathcal {G}$$ -rules admit an axiomatic foundation based on normatively appealing properties and can be conveniently represented with $$\mathcal {G}$$ -nondecreasing critical levels. Many public policies that distort fertility decisions are $$\mathcal {G}$$ -efficient because they benefit children who are (not) born as a result of these policies.
中文摘要
本文引入$$\mathcal {G}$$-规则的概念，该规则在人口为内生时扩展了帕累托规则。需要对生命进行社会评价。$$\mathcal {G}$$-规则比较成对的配置，只要评估某些主体的收益——效用收益或（未）出生的好处——与其他主体的损失之间的对比不被要求。$$\mathcal {G}$$-效率自然产生。Golosov等（2007）的$$\mathcal {A}$$和$$\mathcal {P}$$标准是特例。传递性$$\mathcal {G}$$-规则基于规范上具有吸引力的性质而获得公理化基础，并可通过$$\mathcal {G}$$-非递减临界水平方便地表示。许多扭曲生育决策的公共政策是$$\mathcal {G}$$-有效的，因为它们使因这些政策而（未）出生的儿童受益。