Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
全球废弃物贸易：比较优势、污染避难所效应与外部性成本
Global waste trade: Comparative advantage, the pollution haven effect, and externality costs
摘要
I quantify how comparative advantage and the pollution haven effect (PHE) shape international waste flows and infer the associated externality costs by constructing a Ricardian model with generation, trade, and use as a production input of waste. Combining waste flow, tariff, and environmental regulation data with a meteorological pollution dispersion instrument, I estimate that a 1% increase in trade costs reduces various waste flows by 7%–29.3%. Stricter environmental regulation in origin relative to the destination lowers trade costs for certain waste by 7%–77.7%. Per‐unit externality costs increase but gains from waste trade decrease with income, with PHE contributing substantially.
中文摘要
我量化了比较优势与污染避难所效应（PHE）如何塑造国际废物流动，并通过构建一个包含废物产生、贸易及作为生产投入使用的李嘉图模型，推断相关的外部性成本。结合废物流动、关税和环境法规数据，以及气象污染扩散工具，我估计贸易成本每增加1%，各类废物流动将减少7%至29.3%。相对于目的地，来源地更严格的环境法规会使某些废物的贸易成本降低7%至77.7%。单位外部性成本随收入增加而上升，但废物贸易的收益随收入增加而下降，其中PHE贡献显著。