Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
全球工时
Global Working Hours
摘要
This article uses labor force surveys from 160 countries to build a new microdatabase on hours worked covering 97% of the world population in cross section. We also construct time series spanning over 20 years in 86 countries. Hours worked per adult slightly decline with GDP per capita but are weakly correlated with development overall. Hours worked by the young (aged 15–19) and elderly (aged 60+) fall with development, driven entirely by growing school attendance and public pension coverage. Hours worked among prime-age adults (aged 20–59) are stable with development but undergo a great gender reshuffling: falling hours per male worker have been exactly offset by increases in female labor force participation in many countries. Labor income taxes are strongly negatively related to hours worked across countries. This correlation is attenuated when controlling for social spending and disappears when further controlling for working hours regulations. Both social spending and working hours regulations are associated with lower hours worked.
中文摘要
本文利用来自160个国家的劳动力调查，构建了一个覆盖全球97%人口的工时微观数据库（横截面数据）。同时，我们建立了涵盖86个国家、跨度超过20年的时间序列数据。成年人平均工时随人均GDP增长略有下降，但总体而言与经济发展水平的相关性较弱。青少年（15-19岁）和老年人（60岁以上）的工时随经济发展而减少，这完全是由入学率和公共养老金覆盖率的提高所驱动的。壮年劳动力（20-59岁）的工时随经济发展保持稳定，但经历了显著的性别结构重组：在许多国家，男性工人工时的下降恰好被女性劳动参与率的上升所抵消。劳动所得税与各国工时呈显著负相关。当控制社会支出后，这一相关性减弱；进一步控制工时法规后，该相关性消失。社会支出和工时法规均与较低的工时水平相关。