Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
创业经历如何影响未来就业？来自两项对应研究的证据
How does entrepreneurial experience affect future employment? Evidence from two correspondence studies
摘要
Many entrepreneurs eventually transition back into the labor market. While existing research documents discrimination against former entrepreneurs in developed economies, the sources of this discrimination and the extent to which this evidence generalizes to developing-country contexts remain poorly understood. By sending fictitious resumes to employers in which we vary the presence of entrepreneurial experience and whether it occurred before or after paid employment experience in two resume correspondence studies, we investigate whether and why former entrepreneurs face hiring discrimination in the Chinese labor market. We find substantial discrimination against former entrepreneurs. Guided by an employer decision model, we show that statistical discrimination is the primary source of this penalty, while finding no clear evidence regarding the presence of taste-based discrimination. A complementary survey-based choice experiment further indicates that employers’ concerns about former entrepreneurs’ commitment and fit can largely explain this discrimination. These results underscore that mitigating hiring discrimination for former entrepreneurs in emerging economies may require a combination of employee-side strategies, such as strategically acquiring paid employment experience, and employer-side interventions that reduce information asymmetries.
中文摘要
许多创业者最终会重新进入劳动力市场。尽管已有研究记录了发达经济体中针对前创业者的歧视，但这种歧视的来源以及该证据在多大程度上可推广至发展中国家情境，仍鲜有充分理解。通过在两份简历对应研究中向雇主发送虚构简历，并操纵其中是否存在创业经历以及该经历是发生在带薪就业经历之前还是之后，我们考察中国劳动力市场中前创业者是否以及为何面临招聘歧视。我们发现，前创业者遭受了显著歧视。在雇主决策模型的指导下，我们表明统计性歧视是这一惩罚的主要来源，而未发现明确证据表明存在基于偏好的歧视。一项 complementary 基于调查的选择实验进一步表明，雇主对前创业者承诺度和匹配度的担忧可以在很大程度上解释这种歧视。这些结果凸显出，在新兴经济体中减少针对前创业者的招聘歧视，可能需要结合员工侧策略，例如战略性地获取带薪就业经历，以及旨在减少信息不对称的雇主侧干预措施。