Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
实施多部门粮食系统治理：墨西哥GISAMAC的经验教训
Implementing multisectoral food systems governance: lessons from Mexico’s GISAMAC
摘要
Multisectoral food system governance has emerged as a central priority as countries recognize the need to align policies across the agriculture, health, environment, economic, and social welfare sectors to curb diet-related diseases, inequities, and environmental degradation. Many governments have established mechanisms to coordinate food system policy across sectors, but evidence on how these arrangements are implemented and the political and institutional factors that shape their functioning remains limited. This qualitative case study examines Mexico’s Intersectoral Group for Health, Food, Environment, and Competitiveness (GISAMAC), an informal mechanism whose statutory successor (SINSAMAC) was created by law in 2024 but had not been installed at the time of writing. We conducted 18 semi-structured interviews and reviewed relevant documents. The data were then analyzed thematically using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), tailored to governance processes and responsive to political factors. We found that GISAMAC served as the institutional platform for a pre-existing reform coalition supported by civil society and international organizations. Strong cross-sector relationships, credible champions, and a broadly shared vision (including conflict-of-interest prevention) enabled interministerial collaboration despite resource scarcity and the absence of formal incentives. However, divisions within key ministries, the lack of institutionalization and dedicated funding, weak mechanisms for assessing needs, and the erosion of high-level political commitment limited GISAMAC’s operations and continuity, and the vision remained only partially shared across sectors. GISAMAC served as a legitimating platform rather than an implementing body: policies advanced when a single ministry assumed ownership with cross-sector backing. We conclude that multisectoral governance mechanisms are political projects whose viability depends on coalitions within government; that informality enables action but undermines durability, making formalization a political settlement requiring supra-sectoral endorsement; that effective implementation also requires strategic planning and systematic assessment of context and needs; and that multilateral organizations shape these mechanisms from within, as conveners and brokers of intra-governmental disputes. These lessons can inform SINSAMAC and similar mechanisms being established worldwide.
中文摘要
多部门食物系统治理已成为一项核心优先事项，因为各国认识到需要协调农业、卫生、环境、经济和社会福利等部门的政策，以遏制与膳食相关的疾病、不平等和环境退化。许多政府已建立跨部门协调食物系统政策的机制，但关于这些安排如何实施以及塑造其运作的政治和制度因素的证据仍然有限。本定性案例研究考察了墨西哥的“健康、食物、环境与竞争力跨部门小组”（GISAMAC），这是一个非正式机制，其法定继承机构（SINSAMAC）于2024年依法设立，但在撰写本文时尚未正式成立。我们进行了18次半结构化访谈并查阅了相关文件。随后，我们使用实施研究综合框架（CFIR）对数据进行主题分析，并针对治理过程进行了调整，同时回应了政治因素。我们发现，GISAMAC是此前已存在的改革联盟的制度平台，该联盟得到了公民社会和国际组织的支持。强有力的跨部门关系、可信的倡导者以及广泛共享的愿景（包括防止利益冲突）使部际合作得以实现，尽管资源稀缺且缺乏正式激励。然而，关键部委内部的分歧、制度化与专项资金的缺乏、评估需求机制薄弱以及高层政治承诺的侵蚀，限制了GISAMAC的运作和连续性，而且该愿景在各部门之间仅得到部分共享。GISAMAC充当的是合法性平台，而非执行机构：当某一部委在跨部门支持下承担主导权时，政策才得以推进。我们得出结论：多部门治理机制是政治项目，其可行性取决于政府内部的联盟；非正式性能够促成行动，但会削弱持久性，因此正式化是一项需要超部门认可的政治和解；有效实施还需要战略规划以及对背景和需求的系统评估；多边组织则作为召集者和政府内部争端的斡旋者，从内部塑造这些机制。这些经验可为SINSAMAC以及世界各地正在建立的类似机制提供借鉴。