Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
土地整合、产权登记与土地租赁市场：来自越南农村的证据
Land Consolidation, Tenure Documentation, and Land Rental Markets: Evidence from rural Vietnam
摘要
Land fragmentation is widely recognized as a constraint on smallholder agriculture, raising production costs, limiting mechanization, and reducing efficiency. Land consolidation programs have been introduced in many countries to address this problem, yet their economic effects depend not only on plot reconfiguration but also on institutional implementation and land market functioning. This paper examines the impacts of Vietnam's state‐led land consolidation program using six waves of household panel data (2008–2018) from two provinces where consolidation was implemented. Impacts are estimated with two‐way fixed effects and a staggered difference‐in‐differences approach that accounts for heterogeneous adoption timing. The results show that the consolidation program substantially reduced land fragmentation: the number of plots per household fell by roughly three plots, average plot size increased by about 66 percent, and the distance between plots and homesteads declined by approximately 23 percent. At the same time, administrative delays in reissuing land‐use‐right certificates temporarily reduced the share of titled and collateral‐eligible land. While households’ overall access to credit is not adversely affected, land rental markets are significantly disrupted, with both rent‐in and rent‐out declining. Such reductions in land transactions may impede efficient land reallocation and operational scale adjustment, thereby delaying investment and productivity gains from improved land structure. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of institutional implementation and complementary market functioning for realizing the benefits of land consolidation in Vietnam and other smallholder economies.
中文摘要
土地细碎化被广泛认为是制约小农农业的瓶颈，它提高了生产成本、限制了机械化进程并降低了生产效率。许多国家推行了土地整合计划以应对这一问题，但其经济效果不仅取决于地块重组，还依赖于制度实施和土地市场运行。本文利用越南两个实施土地整合省份的六轮农户面板数据（2008-2018年），考察了该国政府主导的土地整合计划的影响。采用双向固定效应和考虑异质性采纳时点的交错双重差分法进行效应估计。结果显示：土地整合计划显著降低了土地细碎化程度——每户地块数量减少约3块，平均地块面积增加约66%，地块与宅基地距离缩短约23%。与此同时，重新颁发土地使用权证过程中的行政延迟导致有证土地和可抵押土地比例暂时下降。虽然农户整体信贷获取未受负面影响，但土地租赁市场受到显著干扰，租入和租出行为均出现减少。这种土地交易的缩减可能阻碍土地有效再配置和经营规模调整，从而延缓因土地结构改善带来的投资和生产率提升。总体而言，研究结果凸显了制度实施与配套市场功能对越南及其他小农经济体实现土地整合效益的关键作用。