Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
求职过程中的母职与限制
Motherhood and Constraints during Job Search
摘要
Why do women’s labour earnings drop upon motherhood? We shed new light on this question by analysing the changes in job search behaviour associated with motherhood. We exploit data on the job applications sent on a popular online platform linked with administrative registers for 350,000 involuntarily unemployed workers in France. After losing their job, mothers have a 11.7% lower probability to find a job than similar women without children and send 12.2% fewer job applications. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we analyse the timing of job applications. Unlike other women, mothers’ rate of applications decreases by about 20.5% in the hours when there is no school. Moreover, the French reform that introduced school on Wednesday in 2014 led mothers to send more applications on Wednesdays. Our results highlight that childcare creates constraints on the timing of job search activities for mothers. We finally provide suggestive evidence that these constraints decrease their return-to-search, and thereby contribute to their lower application and job finding rates.
中文摘要
为什么女性在成为母亲后劳动收入会下降？我们通过分析与母职相关的求职行为变化，为这一问题提供了新的见解。我们利用一个广受欢迎的在线平台上发送的求职申请数据，并将其与法国35万名非自愿失业工人的行政登记数据相链接。在失去工作后，母亲找到工作的概率比没有孩子的类似女性低11.7%，发送的求职申请少12.2%。为探究其 underlying 机制，我们分析了求职申请的时间分布。与其他女性不同，母亲在无学校时段内的申请率下降约20.5%。此外，法国2014年引入周三上课的改革促使母亲在周三发送更多申请。我们的结果强调，育儿对母亲的求职活动时间形成了约束。我们最后提供了 suggestive 证据，表明这些约束降低了她们的求职回报，进而导致其较低的申请率和就业找到率。