Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
非暴力抗议与教育中的意识形态变迁：公共选择视角
Nonviolent protest and ideological change in education: a public choice approach
摘要
This paper applies a public choice framework to examine how successful nonviolent protest campaigns are associated with changes in the ideological orientation of state education systems. We conceptualize education as a site of political bargaining in which organized interests shape educational governance and classroom political socialization. Using cross-national data on political mobilization and educational ideology, we estimate the effects of successful nonviolent campaigns on nationalist, socialist-communist, and democratic ideological emphasis within classroom instruction. We find that successful nonviolent campaigns are associated with declines in nationalist and socialist-communist ideological emphasis alongside increased emphasis on democratic norms and democratic institutions. We do not interpret these shifts as movement from indoctrination to ideological neutrality. Rather, following recent work on political socialization and educational ideology, we treat all educational systems as engaged in ideological transmission and interpret the findings as shifts in the ideological orientation emphasized within educational practice. The results suggest that successful nonviolent mobilization is associated with broader political and institutional realignment that reshapes educational political socialization. Parallel estimates for successful violent campaigns do not display the same consistent pattern, although this contrast is descriptive rather than a direct test of the difference between campaign types.
中文摘要
本文运用公共选择框架，考察成功的非暴力抗议运动如何与国家教育系统意识形态取向的变化相关联。我们将教育概念化为政治博弈的场域，其中有组织的利益群体塑造教育治理与课堂政治社会化。利用关于政治动员与教育意识形态的跨国数据，我们估计成功的非暴力运动对课堂教学中民族主义、社会主义—共产主义和民主主义意识形态强调程度的影响。我们发现，成功的非暴力运动与民族主义和社会主义—共产主义意识形态强调程度的下降相关联，同时与对民主规范和民主制度的强调程度上升相关联。我们并不将这些转变解释为从灌输走向意识形态中立。相反，遵循近期关于政治社会化与教育意识形态的研究，我们将所有教育系统视为从事意识形态传播，并将这些发现解释为教育实践中强调的意识形态取向的转变。结果表明，成功的非暴力动员与更广泛的政治和制度重组相关联，这种重组重塑了教育政治社会化。对成功的暴力运动的平行估计并未显示同样一致的模式，尽管这一对比是描述性的，而非对运动类型之间差异的直接检验。