职业人工智能暴露与正式志愿服务：职业结构的作用

摘要

This paper examines how occupational artificial intelligence (AI) exposure is associated with formal volunteering and how much of this association reflects broader occupational structure. The analysis links an occupation-level measure of potential large language model exposure to the 2017, 2019, 2021, and 2023 U.S. Current Population Survey Volunteering and Civic Life Supplement. A one-standard-deviation increase in AI exposure is associated with a 2.26-percentage-point higher probability of formal volunteering. However, the coefficient falls by about 60% with broad occupation-group fixed effects and is essentially zero after controlling for occupational education, wages, prestige, and socioeconomic status. The association is already present before generative AI diffusion and does not strengthen in 2023 relative to 2019. A stacked comparison shows a significantly stronger association for formal volunteering than for informal neighbour helping. Overall, the results indicate that the observed association between occupational AI exposure and formal volunteering largely reflects pre-existing occupational structure rather than an effect of AI adoption.