Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
出口商的招聘：对劳动力需求集中和劳动力市场匹配的影响
Recruitment by Exporters: Implications for Labour Demand Concentration and Labour Market Matching
摘要
Leading up to Slovenia's entry into the EU, Slovenian exporters experienced large reductions in tariffs with their main trading partners, the EU member countries. We exploit variation in exports during this period to examine the role of exporting in the firms' recruiting practices. Data on all job vacancies and new hires in Slovenia during the 5 years preceding EU entry reveal that exporters created, on average, 30% of all vacancies and recruited 33% of new hires annually, despite comprising only 6% of all firms and 13% of all recruiting firms. Incumbent exporters were responsible for most recruiting. These differences in recruitment at the intensive and extensive margins had broader labour market implications. We find that labour markets with a larger presence of exporters had a more concentrated labour demand and, consistent with reduced coordination frictions, showed some signs of better matching of workers to job vacancies.
中文摘要
在斯洛文尼亚加入欧盟之前，斯洛文尼亚出口商与其主要贸易伙伴——欧盟成员国之间的关税大幅降低。我们利用这一时期出口的变化，考察出口在企业招聘实践中的作用。斯洛文尼亚加入欧盟前5年所有职位空缺和新雇员的数据显示，出口商平均创造了全部职位空缺的30%，每年招聘的新雇员占33%，尽管它们仅占所有企业的6%和所有招聘企业的13%。现有出口商承担了大部分招聘。这些在集约边际和广延边际上的招聘差异具有更广泛的劳动力市场影响。我们发现，出口商存在规模更大的劳动力市场具有更为集中的劳动力需求，并且与协调摩擦减少相一致，表现出一些工人与职位空缺更好匹配的迹象。