Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
长期二十世纪中的任务与黑白不平等
Tasks and Black-white Inequality over the Long Twentieth Century
摘要
We present new evidence on the long-run evolution of occupational task content by race in the United States, 1900-2021. Black workers began the transition to better paid, cognitiveintensive modern jobs at least a generation after white workers; substantial convergence only occurred after 1960. Longitudinal data suggests that task transitions were racially biased: Black men moved to jobs with lower rewarded task content than white men, conditional on initial tasks, though gaps decreased after 1940. Routine-intensive Black workers were less likely to move up into non-routine analytic work in all periods. The results suggest that task-displacement shocks widen Black-white inequality.
中文摘要
我们提供了关于美国1900至2021年间按种族划分的职业任务内容长期演变的新证据。黑人劳动者向薪酬更高、认知密集型现代职业的转变至少比白人劳动者晚了一代人；显著的趋同现象直到1960年后才出现。纵向数据表明，任务转换存在种族偏见：在初始任务条件相同的情况下，黑人男性转向的任务内容回报低于白人男性，尽管这一差距在1940年后有所缩小。在所有时期，从事常规密集型工作的黑人劳动者晋升至非常规分析性工作的可能性都较低。研究结果表明，任务替代冲击加剧了黑人与白人之间的不平等。