Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
国有企业文化根源：来自欧洲的证据
The cultural roots of state-owned enterprises: evidence from Europe
摘要
This paper examines the cultural roots of state ownership of enterprises. Drawing on data for European countries, we show that the scale of state ownership of enterprises is smaller in individualist societies than in collectivist ones. This relationship is robust to a broad set of cultural, economic, and historical controls. We address endogeneity concerns by using genetic, epidemiological, and linguistic data as instruments for individualism. We propose several political economy mechanisms underlying this relationship. First, in collectivist societies, voter preferences are tilted toward more extensive state ownership of enterprises. Second, in collectivist societies, interest groups may be stronger and democracy may be weaker, both of which can result in a larger share of state-owned enterprises in the economy. We provide empirical evidence supporting these channels. Finally, we show that the negative relationship between individualism and the scale of state ownership also holds in non-European countries.
中文摘要
本文考察了企业国有制的文化根源。基于欧洲国家的数据，我们表明，个人主义社会中企业国有制的规模小于集体主义社会。这一关系在一系列广泛的文化、经济和历史控制变量下保持稳健。我们通过使用遗传、流行病学和语言学数据作为个人主义的工具变量来处理内生性问题。我们提出了支撑这一关系的若干政治经济机制。第一，在集体主义社会中，选民偏好倾向于更广泛的企业国有制。第二，在集体主义社会中，利益集团可能更强大，民主可能更弱，这两者都可能导致国有企业在经济中占有更大份额。我们提供了支持这些渠道的经验证据。最后，我们表明，个人主义与企业国有制规模之间的负向关系在非欧洲国家也同样成立。