Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
网络销售禁令对电子烟使用的影响
The Effect of Online Sales Bans on E-Cigarette Use
摘要
Policymakers at both the state and federal levels have promoted restrictions on online sales of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) as an important tool for reducing youth vaping. This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of statewide online ENDS sales restrictions and their effects on youth and young adult tobacco-related behaviors. Using data from four nationally representative datasets—the Monitoring the Future survey, the State and Combined Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System surveys, the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey—and a generalized difference-in-differences framework, we examine the effects of these policies on product acquisition, ENDS use, and related tobacco outcomes. We find that online sales restrictions substantially reduce online purchases of ENDS products, indicating that the policies affect the targeted channel of access. Some evidence suggests substitution to social sources but also a decrease in obtaining ENDS products from “other” sources such as the black market. We find no evidence that these laws reduce overall youth ENDS use, frequent use, initiation, or cigarette smoking. These null results are consistent with online purchasing accounting for a small share of youth ENDS acquisition even prior to policy adoption. Taken together, the results suggest that restricting online sales can successfully limit a specific access channel without producing large changes in overall patterns of ENDS use.
中文摘要
州和联邦两级的政策制定者都推动对电子尼古丁传送系统（ENDS）的在线销售施加限制，将其作为减少青少年电子烟使用的重要工具。本研究首次对全州范围内的ENDS在线销售限制及其对青少年和青年烟草相关行为的影响进行了全面评估。我们使用来自四个全国代表性数据集——监测未来调查（Monitoring the Future survey）、州与合并青少年风险行为监测系统调查（State and Combined Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System surveys）、烟草与健康人口评估研究（Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study）以及行为风险因素监测系统调查（Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey）——的数据，并采用广义双重差分框架，考察这些政策对产品获取、ENDS使用及相关烟草结果的影响。我们发现，在线销售限制大幅减少了ENDS产品的在线购买，表明这些政策影响了目标获取渠道。一些证据表明存在向社会来源的替代，但也表明从“其他”来源（如黑市）获取ENDS产品有所减少。我们没有发现证据表明这些法律降低了青少年ENDS的总体使用、频繁使用、开始使用或卷烟吸烟。这些零结果与以下情况一致：即使在政策采用之前，在线购买也仅占青少年ENDS获取的一小部分。综合来看，结果表明，限制在线销售可以成功限制某一特定获取渠道，而不会对ENDS使用的总体模式产生大幅变化。