Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
动态电价的效率
The Efficiency of Dynamic Electricity Prices
摘要
The marginal cost of electricity fluctuates hour-by-hour, yet retail customers typically face flat prices. Using data from all seven US wholesale markets and a new method to evaluate alternative rates set in advance that accounts for equilibrium price effects, we estimate efficiency gains from time-varying price schedules that better align price with cost. We have three main results. First, time-of-use rates and critical-peak pricing, the two most common time-varying rate plans, each correct about 10% of mispricing. Second, more complex rate structures based on historical prices often backfire. Third, an alternative structure, real-time pricing with price ceilings, can capture most potential allocative efficiency gains.
中文摘要
电力边际成本逐小时波动，而零售用户通常面临固定价格。利用美国全部七个批发市场的数据以及一种评估事先设定的替代费率的新方法（该方法考虑了均衡价格效应），我们估计了使价格与成本更好匹配的分时价格表的效率增益。我们有三项主要结果。第一，分时电价和尖峰电价这两种最常见的时间可变费率方案各自纠正了约10%的错误定价。第二，基于历史价格的更复杂费率结构往往适得其反。第三，一种替代结构，即带价格上限的实时定价，可以捕获大部分潜在的配置效率增益。