Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
英国土地利用的挑战：为粮食生产与生物多样性寻找空间
The land use challenge in the United Kingdom: Finding space for food production and biodiversity
摘要
The nations of the United Kingdom have set ambitious policy targets for land-based activities and outputs including around food production, climate change and biodiversity. As land area is constrained these targets risk not being met without coordinated policy. Maximising the public and private benefits from the land requires understanding the trade-offs and synergies between different activities, and the comparative advantage of different areas in producing different outputs. The “three-compartment model” has emerged as a conceptual tool to guide land use policy where land can be broadly classified as being managed (i) primarily for food; (ii) for a mixture of food and public goods and (iii) for non-agricultural outputs, including nature. It was adopted by England’s National Food Strategy (2021). The paper reviews two classes of critical response to the three-compartment model: (i) concerns from conventional agriculture, and (ii) worries by proponents of low-input agriculture. It attempts to understand the basis of the criticisms and how they might be addressed. Given the urgency with which land use is required to meet policy targets the paper concludes by arguing that a properly articulated three-compartment model can be a means of bringing together different stakeholders to act in the immediate future.
中文摘要
英国各构成国已为土地相关活动及其产出设定了雄心勃勃的政策目标，涵盖粮食生产、气候变化和生物多样性等方面。由于土地面积有限，若缺乏协调一致的政策，这些目标恐难以实现。要最大化土地带来的公共和私人效益，就需要理解不同活动之间的权衡与协同关系，以及不同区域在生产不同产出方面的比较优势。“三分区模型”已成为指导土地利用政策的概念性工具，该模型将土地大致归类为：(i) 主要用于粮食生产；(ii) 用于粮食与公共产品的混合用途；(iii) 用于非农业产出，包括自然保护。英格兰的《国家粮食战略》（2021年）采纳了该模型。本文梳理了对三分区模型的两类批评性回应：(i) 传统农业的关切，以及(ii) 低投入农业支持者的担忧。文章试图理解这些批评的依据以及可能的应对方式。鉴于实现政策目标对土地利用的紧迫要求，本文最后指出，一个表述得当的三分区模型可以成为凝聚不同利益相关方、在近期共同行动的手段。