Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
自动化的宏观经济学
The macroeconomics of automation
摘要
This paper develops a theory in which the degree of automation in the aggregate economy emerges endogenously as an equilibrium outcome and can be inferred from standard macroeconomic data. We define the degree of automation as the share of tasks performed by capital rather than labor and embed it in a task-based production framework with endogenous technology adoption. Aggregating task-level decisions generates a CES production function in which the economy-wide degree of automation emerges endogenously. This structure provides a transparent mapping from standard macroeconomic observables, such as the capital-labor ratio, output per worker, and the elasticity of substitution, into the degree of automation, allowing automation to be measured without relying on technology-specific indicators. Applying the framework to Japanese manufacturing industries, we show that automation increased through capital deepening even during periods of slow productivity growth. Similar content being viewed by others
中文摘要
本文构建了一个理论框架，其中经济总体自动化程度作为均衡结果内生形成，并可通过标准宏观经济数据推断得出。我们将自动化程度定义为资本而非劳动执行的任务份额，并将其嵌入一个包含内生技术采纳的任务型生产框架中。通过加总任务层面的决策，我们推导出包含内生经济总体自动化程度的CES生产函数。该结构建立了从标准宏观经济可观测变量（如资本劳动比、人均产出和替代弹性）到自动化程度的透明映射关系，使得无需依赖特定技术指标即可衡量自动化水平。将该框架应用于日本制造业部门后，我们发现即使在生产率增长缓慢时期，自动化仍通过资本深化过程持续提升。