Econ Papers Daily / 机构研究
越南太阳能电池板产业的崛起：投入、外商直接投资与溢出效应
The Rise of Viet Nam’s Solar Panel Industry: Inputs, FDI, and Spillovers
摘要
This paper documents how foreign firms, inputs, and subsidies have shaped the development of Viet Nam’s solar panel industry. The analysis uses firmto-firm transaction data from Panjiva as well as firm-level data from the Viet Nam’s Enterprise Survey to trace solar panel value chains. It uncovers three key findings. First, parts and components from subsidizing countries are 30 percent cheaper than alternatives. Those from China, which provides the majority of solar inputs to Vietnamese producers, are cheapest. Foreign green subsidies may thus spill over across countries via value chains. Second, Chinese FDI firms dominate Viet Nam’s solar industry, accounting for 75% of exports and 50 percent of jobs, and they export solar panels that are 38 percent cheaper than those of other producers in Viet Nam. Third, local firms supplying parts and components to these Chinese FDI firms experience positive productivity gains. The findings show how Viet Nam’s solar boom emerged through deep integration into China’s subsidized supply chains.
中文摘要
本文记录了外国企业、投入品和补贴如何塑造了越南太阳能电池板产业的发展。分析使用Panjiva的企业间交易数据以及越南企业调查的企业层面数据，追踪太阳能电池板价值链。研究揭示了三个关键发现。第一，来自补贴国家的零部件比替代品便宜30%。来自中国的零部件最为便宜，而中国为越南生产商提供了大部分太阳能投入品。因此，外国绿色补贴可能通过价值链在国家间产生溢出效应。第二，中国外商直接投资企业主导了越南的太阳能产业，占出口的75%和就业的50%，且其出口的太阳能电池板比越南其他生产商的产品便宜38%。第三，向这些中国外商直接投资企业供应零部件的地方企业获得了正向的生产率提升。这些发现表明，越南的太阳能繁荣是如何通过深度融入中国受补贴的供应链而实现的。