Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
国内生产总值国际比较中进出口价格的处理
The Treatment of Import and Export Prices in International Comparisons of GDP
摘要
The year 2025 marked the 50th anniversary of the Penn World Table (PWT). A key question in the construction of these international accounts is how the value of imports and exports for each country is converted into a common currency. PWT currently measures real GDP on the output side by using disaggregate, quality‐adjusted prices of imports and exports to construct PPP exchange rates that convert imports and exports into US$. In contrast, the International Comparison Program (ICP) of the World Bank uses the nominal exchange rates to convert trade balances into US$. Implementing the ICP approach in PWT data, we find that it results in real GDP that is somewhat higher than the output‐based measure in PWT for all but three countries—China, Japan and South Korea—and very close to PWT for these three and various other countries. When measuring global inequality with per‐capita real GDP, the ICP approach gives nearly identical results to the output‐based measure in PWT. Since the ICP approach is quite simple to compute, it will be included in future revisions of PWT.
中文摘要
2025年标志着宾大世界表（PWT）诞生50周年。在构建这些国际账户时，一个关键问题是如何将各国的进出口价值换算为共同货币。PWT目前从产出侧衡量实际GDP，方法是使用经过质量调整的进出口分类价格来构建购买力平价汇率，从而将进出口换算为美元。相比之下，世界银行的国际比较项目（ICP）则使用名义汇率将贸易差额换算为美元。在PWT数据中实施ICP方法后，我们发现，对于除中国、日本和韩国以外的所有国家，该方法得出的实际GDP都略高于PWT中基于产出的衡量结果，而对这三个国家以及其他若干国家而言，则与PWT非常接近。在以人均实际GDP衡量全球不平等时，ICP方法给出的结果与PWT中基于产出的衡量结果几乎完全相同。由于ICP方法计算起来相当简单，它将被纳入PWT未来的修订版本中。