Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
越南战争与种族融合
The Vietnam War and Racial Integration
摘要
The Vietnam draft conscripted hundreds of thousands of young Americans into an integrated military. I combine near-random draft lottery variation with administrative voter data to study the long-run racial integration effects of coerced national service. Black and Native American veterans became more likely to marry white spouses, identify as Republicans, and live in more-integrated neighborhoods. Improved economic standing may partly mediate these effects. Effects are larger for Southerners and are precisely null for white veterans. Coerced military service generates substantial but asymmetric cross-racial political convergence and racial integration: Vietnam-era service caused about 20 percent of affected cohorts’ interracial marriages.
中文摘要
越南征兵制度将数十万美国青年征召入一支种族融合的军队。我将近乎随机的征兵抽签变动与行政选民数据相结合，研究强制国民服役的长期种族融合效应。黑人和美洲原住民退伍军人更有可能与白人配偶结婚、认同共和党身份，并居住于种族融合程度更高的社区。经济地位的提升可能部分中介了这些效应。效应在南方人中更为显著，而对白人退伍军人则精确为零。强制兵役产生了显著但不对称的跨种族政治趋同与种族融合：越战时期的服役导致了受影响群体中约20%的跨种族婚姻。