Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
序贯生产模型中的贸易政策
Trade policy in a model of sequential production
摘要
We develop a two-country trade model with sequential production in which a technologically backward economy exports intermediates in exchange for final goods from a technologically advanced economy. The advanced country can raise welfare by imposing import tariffs on intermediates, whereas export tariffs on intermediates or import tariffs on final goods are ineffective for the backward economy. Instead, the backward economy resorts to a quantitative export constraint, diverting part of its labor force into a less efficient autarkic production process. We show that non-cooperative policy choices reduce trade and lower welfare in both countries, underscoring the need for a trade agreement. To sustain mutually beneficial liberalization after prior tariff reductions, however, an agreement may have to link tariff cuts to the removal of export constraints, particularly when lifting these constraints is costly for the backward economy.
中文摘要
我们构建了一个包含序贯生产的两国贸易模型，其中技术落后的经济体出口中间品，以换取技术先进经济体的最终产品。先进国家可以通过对中间品征收进口关税来提高福利，而对落后经济体而言，对中间品征收出口关税或对最终产品征收进口关税则无效。相反，落后经济体转而采取数量性出口限制，将部分劳动力转移至效率较低的封闭式生产过程中。我们证明，非合作的政策选择会减少贸易并降低两国福利，凸显了贸易协定的必要性。然而，在先前关税削减之后，为维持互利的自由化，协定可能必须将关税削减与取消出口限制挂钩，尤其是在解除这些限制对落后经济体而言成本高昂的情况下。