Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
培训专业性与职业流动性：来自德国学徒制的证据
Training Specificity and Occupational Mobility: Evidence From German Apprenticeships
摘要
Apprenticeships play a key role in enabling successful school‐to‐work transitions in many countries, but in the presence of imperfect information, the specificity of this type of training may entail important costs for those working outside their training fields. I study this issue in one of the most prominent training settings, the German apprenticeship system. Using administrative data and a broad occupational classification, I find that 40% of individuals work in occupations different from their training. I estimate the cost of mismatch using vacancy instruments and extend methodological approaches in high‐dimensional selection settings. Lacking training in one's occupation entails an average wage penalty of 14%, the equivalent of two years of work experience. The penalty increases with the task distance between training and occupation. My findings suggest that retraining is crucial to mitigate the adverse consequences from imperfect information in specialized training settings.
中文摘要
学徒制在许多国家促进从学校到工作的顺利过渡中发挥着关键作用，但在信息不完全的情况下，这种培训类型的特定性可能给那些在培训领域之外工作的人带来重大成本。我在最突出的培训体系之一——德国学徒制中研究这一问题。利用行政数据和广泛的职业分类，我发现40%的人所从事的职业与其培训领域不同。我通过职位空缺工具估计了错配成本，并扩展了高维选择情境下的方法论途径。缺乏本职业培训平均导致14%的工资惩罚，相当于两年工作经验的价值。这一惩罚随培训与职业之间任务距离的增加而加剧。我的研究结果表明，再培训对于减轻专业化培训环境中信息不完全带来的不利后果至关重要。