Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
全球失序时期食品体系的转型
Transforming Food Systems in Times of Global Disorder
摘要
The transformation of global food systems is affected by global shocks and geopolitical changes. After decades of reductions in poverty, hunger, and malnutrition, the past decade has seen a dramatic reversal. Challenges caused by rising conflicts, climate shocks, and COVID‐19 (CCC) are reinforced by slowing productivity growth, trade disruptions, and increasing market volatility. While transformation requires major investments in agri‐food systems, global public investment in agricultural R&D has slowed, in both high‐ and low‐income countries. Reductions in development assistance further threaten investment in the world's poorest regions. But the crisis also presents opportunities. A new Agri‐food Aid and Investment Architecture (AAA) may be required, and key parts of such a financial architecture are already emerging, characterized by a larger contribution of emerging countries and the private sector, and the need for more efficient use of existing public and private expenditures.
中文摘要
全球粮食体系的转型正受到全球性冲击与地缘政治变化的深刻影响。在历经数十年的贫困、饥饿与营养不良状况改善之后，过去十年却出现了急剧逆转。冲突加剧、气候冲击及新冠疫情（CCC）所带来的挑战，因生产率增长放缓、贸易中断及市场波动加剧而进一步强化。尽管转型要求对农业食品体系进行大规模投资，但全球农业研发的公共投资却已放缓，无论是高收入国家还是低收入国家均如此。发展援助的削减进一步威胁到对全球最贫困地区的投资。然而，危机亦孕育着机遇。或许需要构建一种新型的农业食品援助与投资架构（AAA），此类金融架构的关键组成部分已初现端倪，其特征包括新兴国家与私营部门贡献的显著增加，以及对现有公共与私人支出利用效率提升的迫切需求。