Econ Papers Daily / 期刊论文
现代化主粮价值链中的纵向整合与协调：来自缅甸稻米产业的证据
Vertical Integration and Coordination in Modernising Staple Food Value Chains: Evidence From Myanmar's Rice Sector
摘要
Increased vertical integration and coordination are defining features of transforming and modernising agricultural value chains in low‐ and middle‐income countries, with important implications for market efficiency and farm‐level transformation. However, research documenting these processes in transforming domestic value chains is limited, with existing studies largely focusing on large firms, foreign direct investment and high‐value food products, leaving less understood how domestic processors in staple food value chains expand into complementary businesses and services. We study these processes in the rice value chain—the most important staple in Southeast Asia—in Myanmar, using unique large‐scale data from domestic rice mills and farmers. We show that both modern and traditional mills serve as key nodes in local rice value chains, fulfilling diverse roles beyond processing at both the farm and post‐harvest levels. Yet, statistical tests that control for mill and farmer characteristics, respectively, show that modern mills are more engaged in vertical integration and coordination, particularly in post‐harvest value chain segments, highlighting the co‐development of modern processing and business expansion. Consistent with this pattern in the miller data, farmers using a modern mill are more likely to receive complementary services—especially post‐harvest—and to adopt modern production practices more broadly. However, this expansion is uneven, with services reaching large farms more frequently than small and medium farms.
中文摘要
垂直一体化和协调程度的提高是低收入和中等收入国家农业价值链转型与现代化的重要特征，对市场效率和农场层面转型具有重要影响。然而，记录转型中国内价值链这些过程的研究仍然有限，现有研究大多集中于大型企业、外国直接投资和高价值食品，对于主食价值链中的国内加工商如何扩展到互补性业务和服务了解较少。我们以缅甸水稻价值链——东南亚最重要的主食——为对象研究这些过程，使用了来自国内大米加工厂和农户的独特大规模数据。我们表明，现代和传统加工厂都是当地水稻价值链的关键节点，在农场层面和收获后层面履行加工之外的多种角色。然而，分别控制加工厂和农户特征的统计检验表明，现代加工厂更多参与垂直一体化和协调，尤其是在收获后价值链环节，凸显了现代加工与业务扩展的协同发展。与加工厂数据中的这一模式一致，使用现代加工厂的农户更有可能获得互补性服务——尤其是收获后服务——并更广泛地采用现代生产实践。然而，这种扩展并不均衡，服务到达大农场的频率高于中小农场。