女性劳动供给激励与老年收入再分配

摘要

The risk of ending up poor in old age is shaped at young ages and it is concentrated among women. Many countries attempt to mitigate this risk by redistributing income through lifetime-earnings-based pension systems. Using a quantitative model, we show that basing redistribution on annual rather than lifetime earnings generates much better labor market outcomes and leads to a more favorable distribution of old-age income. Such a system provides broad employment incentives, particularly for individuals at high risk of old-age poverty, and thereby addresses the underlying causes rather than merely the consequences of old-age poverty.